The Paris Agreement is a landmark international agreement that aims to address the impact of climate change. It was adopted by 195 countries in Paris, France, on December 12, 2015, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference. The agreement seeks to limit global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. But who are the countries that signed the Paris Agreement?

A total of 197 countries submitted their intended nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). NDCs are national plans that outline each country`s commitment to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. Of these 197 countries, 189 signed the Paris Agreement.

The first country to sign the agreement was Fiji on April 22, 2016, followed by several other Pacific island nations that are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The United States, under President Barack Obama, signed the agreement on the same day. However, on June 1, 2017, President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement, a decision that was heavily criticized by the international community.

Since then, many countries have reaffirmed their commitment to the Paris Agreement, and some have even increased their pledges. In December 2020, at the 5th anniversary of the agreement, 75 countries, including the European Union, announced that they are increasing their climate ambition and enhancing their NDCs.

As of today, all but two countries in the world have signed the Paris Agreement. The two countries that have not signed the agreement are Eritrea and Iran. However, Eritrea has indicated that it intends to join the agreement soon.

In conclusion, the Paris Agreement is a global effort to address climate change, and 189 countries have signed it. While the withdrawal of the United States was a major blow to the agreement, many countries have shown their determination to continue with their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the impact of climate change.